The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem can be solved using. If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model, we are using. The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if A ______ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem. /degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. b. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement. the water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from: seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving reorganization or restructuring. warmth Insight- remain low until just before the problem is solved, Successful problem-solving is a result of, restructuring the representation of the problem, focus on specific characteristics of the problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution, restricting the use of an object to its familiar functions, functional fixedness hinders problem solving. lightbulbb. /XObject 19 0 R d. It has a single correct answer. black and pinkd. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold mental set, When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. event-specific knowledge. 10 0 obj Wally and Sharon are out on a date. The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ______ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. swingingc. a. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor, b. << b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. /Encoding 16 0 R After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, this represents, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify clear ________ for the problems. /F11 13 0 R /ExtGState << /GS1 17 0 R >> operators.d. /Name /F12 think-aloud p, The text's discussion of the research on in-vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.a. . /BaseFont /Courier-Bold The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's. She decided to wait until her mother-in- law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. c. Experts often spend more time analyzing problems than novices. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. ill-defined; information processingc. mental sets. as a matter of cognition). /Name /F6 << I am a creative type of person. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of this experiment was to a) Show that some problems are easier to solve than others. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field, Take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. /onesuperior/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve/dotaccent b. gradually rise; rise suddenly just, c. rise suddenly just; gradually rise, d. vary unpredictably; vary unpredictably, 6. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences betweena. Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness? The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate thata. /Name /F4 c. confuse the ideas of validity and truth. History 1301-Ch. c. the same for accepted and rejected offers. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a: Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is . Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? well- and ill-defined problems. /Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla The shoe problem: A first-grade class is using a trampoline in gym class, so all the children have removed their shoes, which are all jumbled in a large pile. had received training in creative thinking.c. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?a. /Type /Font exemplar; source. /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font algorithms.c. 19 - Foner, Eric. mental set. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem . a single correct answer. In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the _____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. >> She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department. sourceb. Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well learned, it may prevent us from, seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. b. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. /Name /F9 has a large number of potential solutions.c. object with a specific function. surface and deep structures.d. b. go out for junior varsity hockey or junior varsity basketball. Gestalt psychologi, Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. It has a large number of potential solutions. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. sensory operators.d. << /Type /Font she attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. A syllogism is valid if the conclusion follows logically from the two premises. a.the solution is immediately obvious. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection, b. Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify, c. Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalizing from one problem to another, d. Solving the problem through reorganization because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganize a problem, The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. a. Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. >> 12 0 obj Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. has no correct answer.d. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are given. We'll bring you back here when you are done. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. Jonas's belief in the jacket's cosmic ability is an example of, 8. /Name /F1 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. c. low capacity for divergent thinking, Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they. Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known asa. Experts categorize problems based ona. In analogical problem solving, the ________ problem has higher difficulty than the ________ problem. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. Bonnie is using. Metcalfe and Wiebe found that heat levels gradually increased before people found an adequate solution to the former type of problem, whereas the latter type of problem called "incremental" problems. c. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. analogiesb. /BaseFont /Courier-Oblique When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. -Without lifting your pencil from the paper, draw exactly four straight, connected lines that will go through all nine dots, but through each dot only once, Problem - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they. Will the remaining students be able to shoe-up with the remaining shoes without getting a foot-ache? c. It is the cornerstone of creativity. b. what positive feelings will occur following a decision more so than negative feelings. target, Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /F5 7 0 R the need to overcome a difficult obstacle with no obvious solution available. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments ever 15 seconds to indicate how close the felt they were to a solution. Mental Set Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? endobj Participants are given a chair and pliers. The fact that they are able to do so with the help of experts on Earth is similar to the ________ approach developed by Ronald Finke. unknotted, Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?a. >> 7 0 obj match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. He is worried that if he takes the job and fails, he will suffer from intense anxiety and depression. The purpose of this experiment was to. << d. how a person's expertise increases his or her likelihood of solving a problem, relative to a beginner. Mutilated checkerboard problemd. However, a limitation of this and other classical paradigms for studying insightful and non-insightful problem solving is related to the fact that they use two different His task sets. b. prior learning hindering problem solving. Participants in the____ group had the fastest response time. /.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section subgoals. /Encoding 16 0 R Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _____ problem. >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 610 789 ] ill-defined; Gestaltb. To test this hypothesis, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants insight problems, like the ones in the demonstration below, and noninsight problems and had them make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds, as they were working on the problems. /Resources The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people experience solving insight and non-insight problems. the purpose of the exp. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. Examples of such tests are the Product improvement task and the Ununsual uses tests. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection.v. an initial stateb. They found the ____ version to be more effective, because it had ____ features in common with the radiation problem.a. than about differences in information processing associated with the presence or absence of insight. metcalfe and wiebe 1987 hypothesis of metcalfe and wiebe 1987 = particiapnts working on an insight problem should not be very good at predicting how near they are to a solution whereas participants working on a nonishgt problem would be more likely to know when they are getting clother to the solution Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of t, Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. initial, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us froma. the role of insight in creativity.c. One of the students, Miguel, is leaving early, so the teacher tells him to grab his shoes and report to the lobby. in vivo problem solving. frequently used object.d. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. representation and restructuring.d. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _______prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. b. are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80% fat free than 20% fat. << Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPTa. b. which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems. experts and novices.b. The purpose of this experiment was to: a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. You might point out that a major problem with his "George Burns" argument involves, Of the following real-world phenomena, the confirmation bias best explains the observation that people. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between. /Font << calfe & Wiebe, 1987). to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. the box is empty.d. candle can be oriented horizontally or diagonally. EXPERIMENT 1 Method Subjects. This research is an example of ______ research. /F6 8 0 R d. dependent on how much money the responder was offered. c. performance is the same for both tasks. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. b. operators.c. candle can be cut in half.d. /BaseFont /Helvetica Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. a. spend less time analyzing problems, b. are better at reasoning in general, c. are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems, d. take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? The purpose of this experiment was to, The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. Russian marriage, Dr. May 2013. c. people often have to backtrack within the problem space to arrive at an answer to a problem. high-pressurec. the problem space. d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. a goal stated. Therefore, the two problems have very different Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. On the first day he went out wearing the new garment, he found a $50 bill on the sidewalk outside of his office. Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems. This research is an example of _____ research. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps: a. restructuring, searching, and simulating. well-defining, insighting, and m. People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus ona.

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